Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in subsaharan africa. Whitinga, leonor guariguataa, clara weila, jonathan shawb ainternational diabetes. A secondary aim is to report the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose, conditions which are associated with an increased risk of progression to overt diabetes, and the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among nigerians in port harcourt correlates with socioeconomic status nwafor, a. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus based on various. Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in middle and lowincome countries 1. It is predicted that diabetes will continue to be a problem in the future.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the african population. Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. High prevalence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. It provides a comprehensive and uptodate analysis of the burden of diabetes across subsaharan africa, the challenges this burden poses for health systems, as well as potential solutions. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association of various factors with the prevalence of diabetes. Detailed methods among the us population overall, crude estimates for 2018 were. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation 1.
Qualitative research on experiences of type 2 diabetes in ssa is emerging, but no qualitative synthesis has been attempted. We have an enormous task at hand, which is why i welcome this first who global report on diabetes. The national diabetes statistics report pdf icon pdf 768 kb is a periodic publication of the centers for disease control and prevention cdc that provides updated statistics about diabetes in the united states for a scientific audience. In africa, the prevalence of diabetes has more than doubled in that time, which may be due to. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia is high in the general adult population in africa, and much higher in patients with coexisting cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or hiv. Pdf the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in south africa. Diabetes and african americans the office of minority health. Diabetes presents a huge cost to the individual and society, although data for economic cost of diabetes in subsaharan africa are sparse is diabetes prevalence increasing in africa. Previous suggestions that diabetes prevalence is increasing in africa have been confirmed in urban populations of. Pdf type 1 diabetes mellitus in the african population. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure. Diabetes prevalence increased with age in both locations.
Early diagnosis, detection and the management of type 2 diabetes reduce the development of complications such as visual impairment and blindness. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in africa is 1 % in rural areas, and ranges from 5% to 7 % in urban subsaharan africa. Type 2 diabetes is the predominant form of diabetes in subsaharan africa, accounting for over 90% of cases. The higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women in this study compared with other rural subsaharan africa communities is likely related to the higher prevalence of obesity and the role of other factors, namely that physical activity and dietary factors needs to be established.
Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in 15 states of. The important stories of innovation across the continents wideranging economies. The rate of diabetes has more than doubled in africa and. How south africa can beat its sugarfuelled diabetes epidemic. Pdf diabetes is an increasing problem in subsaharan africa. Jul 14, 2011 subsaharan africa, like the rest of the world, is experiencing an increasing prevalence of diabetes alongside other noncommunicable diseases. This reflects an increase in associated risk factors such as being overweight or obese. Saharan african ssa country that is undergoing a demographic transition. The number of diabetes sufferers in africa remains uncertain, although and idf estimate from 2000 put the figure at 7. Diabetes in subsaharan africa the life expectancy of a child with type 1 diabetes is as low as 7 months in rural mozambique 1 caused mainly by limited access to insulin and its cost and a lack of.
The prevalence of prediabetes is similar among men and women across racial and ethnic groups. Assessing the data with fear and trembling recent data from the international diabetes federation idf estimates that 7 % of south africans between the ages of 21 and 79 years have diabetes 1. Over the past decade, diabetes prevalence has risen faster in low and middleincome countries than in highincome countries. Type 1a or autoimmune type 1 and type 1b or idiopathic or alternatively ketosisprone type 2 diabetes constitute the remainder. Diabetes and prediabetes among adults reaching health. It provides a sequel to the report describing estimates. Our estimates indicate that ckd may be more common than diabetes which has an estimated prevalence of 3. South africa is one of the 48 countries of the idf african region. In 2010, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in south africa was estimated at 4. Virginia department of health diabetes burden report 5 types of diabetes there are several types of diabetes, each with a different cause, demographic, and risk factors. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in subsaharan africa. Diagnosing gdm in subsaharan africa ssa however, remains suboptimal due to associated logistical and cost barriers for resourceconstrained populations. Diabetes in subsaharan africa international diabetes. Database search on pubmed for eligible studies describing the prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology, or clinical outcomes of dysglycemia in ssa plhiv.
Background there has been an appreciable increase in the number of people in africa with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes t2dm in recent years as a result of a number of factors. Prevalence and factors associated with prediabetes and. Few statistical data are available for other african countries. South africa s hiv epidemic is highly heterogeneous, with population hiv prevalence levels ranging between 5. The global prevalence agestandardized of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980, rising from 4. Epidemiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in africa.
With diverse health challenges, health authorities in subsaharan africa and international donors need robust data on the epidemiology and impact of diabetes in order to plan and prioritise their health programmes. Fast facts data and statistics about diabetes for more information and references, go to diabetes. Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes. The rate of diabetes has more than doubled in africa and no one is ready for it. Diabetes in african american communities advocacy fact sheet. Unlike hypertension, the agespecific prevalence of diabetes and impaired fbg diverged between rural and urban populations, in both sexes figure 2, appendix p 6. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among nigerians in port. Global prevalence of diabetes estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030 sarah wild, mb bchir, phd 1 gojka roglic,md 2 anders green, md, phd, dr med sci 3 richard sicree, mbbs, mph 4 hilary king md dsc 2 objective the goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people of all ages with diabetes for years 2000 and 2030. Little is known about the burden of diabetes and prediabetes in namibia, a sub.
Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among adults in africa. The national diabetes statistics report pdf icon pdf 768 kb is a periodic publication of the centers for disease control and prevention cdc that provides updated statistics about diabetes in the united states for a scientific audience it includes information on prevalence and incidence of diabetes, prediabetes, risk factors for complications, acute and longterm complications, deaths. Turkey has the highest ageadjusted comparative prevalence 12. The rate of diabetes has more than doubled in africa. Nigeria, with a population of 158 million people, is the most populous country in africa and accounts for one sixth of africas population. New insights on diabetes mellitus and obesity in africa part. Variations in prevalence of diabetes between individual countries are observed. Diabetes increasing at alarming rates in subsaharan africa. Prevention cdc, provides information on the prevalence and incidence of diabetes and prediabetes, risk factors for complications, acute and longterm complications, deaths, and costs.
Gestational diabetes mellitus gdm is a major public health problem and threat to maternal and child health in africa. Nigeria, with a population of 158 million people, is the most populous country in africa and accounts for one sixth of africa s population. Diabetes in subsaharan africa lancet diabetes and endocrinology. Type 2 diabetes prevalence among 2079yearolds is 4. The pace of change in diabetes prevalence in many countries and regions has been boosted by rapid urbanisation and dramatic changes towards sedentary lifestyle. Jul 14, 2017 early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus gdm is crucial to prevent short term delivery risks and long term effects such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the mother and infant. Currently, the prevalence of diabetes in the african region is estimated to be 7. The who world health organisation and the idf international diabetes federation estimate that the diabetes. It represents the interests of the growing number of people. Pdf prevalence of diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis. The international diabetes federation idf is an umbrella organization of over 230 national diabetes associations in 170 countries and territories. Diabetes is a leading cause of progressive morbidity and early mortality worldwide.
This crosssectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and awareness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mwanza city, tanzania. The last epidemiological report from south africa on the prevalence of diabetes in the coloured population was 15 years ago, using the 1985 who criteria. Noncommunicable diseases ncds are the leading cause of death globally and diabetes mellitus is the 4 th main contributor 1. The fact sheet is the product of a joint collaboration of the cdc, niddk, the american diabetes association, and other government and nonprofit agencies sources of data for fast facts that do not come from the statistics report.
Burden of chronic kidney disease on the african continent. Based on the latest population estimates for south africa 2, this means that 3. In south africa at least 58 people a day died of diabetes in 2012, according to statistics south africa. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both 2. While in the africa region of the world diabetes federation, none of the countries has a 100% access to insulin for its people, in the democratic republic of the congo, where the population shows a high rate of type 1 diabetes, insulin is less than 25% of the times accessible table 2. Dec 15, 2014 the estimated prevalence of diabetes in africa is 1% in rural areas, and ranges from 5% to 7% in urban subsaharan africa. Approximately 10 percent of louisiana adults have self. Prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, and. As economies in subsaharan africa transition from lower to higherincome, diabetes prevalence in some countries has reached almost 22% in the adult population and as high as 30% in men and women aged 5565 years, spurred in part by growing and aging populations, changes in lifestyle and eating habits, urbanization, and changing work practices. Being overweighed andor obese, ever had macrocosmic baby, family history of diabetes, history of stillbirth, history of abortion or miscarriage, chronic hypertension and history of previous gdm were factors associated with gdm. It advances our understanding of trends in diabetes prevalence, of the contribution of high blood glucose.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus t 2dm prevalence is increasing rapidly around the world. This report provides estimates of the global prevalence of diabetes. Accurate estimates of the current and future burden of. Prevalence and complications of diabetes mellitus in northern. Mar 12, 2020 diabetes is among the noncommunicable diseases ncds with an increasing prevalence in subsaharan africa ssa 1. Apr 25, 20 diabetes is increasingly becoming a major chronic disease burden all over the world.
Africa is the region with the highest proportion of undiagnosed diabetes, with 60% of adults currently living with diabetes unaware of their. In louisiana, african americans, at a rate of 15 percent, are 38 percent more likely to have diabetes than caucasians, for whom the rate is only 10. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030 david r. Diabetes is an important and common health problem in northern africa. The global prevalence of adult diabetes has nearly doubled and is rising more rapidly in middle and lowincome countries. Individuals with lower incomes or education levels also reported higher prevalence rates of diabetes. However, these statistics only shed light on the surface of a much deeper problem. The highest prevalence of diabetes is among the indian population in south africa 11% as this group has a strong genetic predisposition for diabetes.
These findings strengthen the case for action to implement the control of dyslipidaemia more effectively to achieve cvd prevention in african populations. The rapid rise in the number of people with hypertension or diabetes 7, 8, combined with the hiv pandemics, and the increased survival in individuals taking antiretroviral therapy are. Epidemiology of prediabetes and diabetes in namibia, africa. Fast facts data and statistics about diabetes american. Prevalence and awareness of type 2 diabetes mellitus among.
The national diabetes statistics report, a periodic publication of the centers for disease control and. Open access protocol the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in. International insulin foundation fact sheet on diabetes in sub saharan africa for more information please visit. Idf africa members international diabetes federation. According to the idf diabetes atlas 9th edition, an estimated 19. The prevalence of dysglycemia a combination of prediabetes and diabetes according to who and ada criteria was % and 25%, respectively. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, is becoming more prevalent owing to rising rates.
This requires a shift in healthcare priorities and uptodate data on the epidemiology and impact of diabetes in all regions of the world to help plan and prioritize health programs. Global prevalence of diabetes world health organization. Interactive united states diabetes surveillance system youtube. Epidemiology of prediabetes and diabetes in namibia. Introduction type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major source of morbidity and mortality in south africa, spurred by increased urbanisation and unhealthy lifestyle factors. Africa is expected to see a 143 percent increase in the number of diabetics in the region from 2019 to 2045, while north. This report provides estimates of the global prevalence of diabetes in the year 2000 as used in the world health organization who global burden of disease study and projections for 2030. Unless otherwise noted, all references in fast facts are from the national diabetes statistics report, 2020. Experiences of type 2 diabetes in subsaharan africa.
The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. Recent surveys on diabetes and obesity have been largely. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of diabetes or prediabetes between male and female participants. Prevalence of and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in south africa article pdf available in south african medical journal suidafrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 1097. Proportions of patients with diabetic complications ranged from 7. There is great variability in prevalence of t2dm among the african communities with some countries, such as reunion, re cording an average of 16% and others. The most important demographic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people 65 years of age. Local epidemiological data are required to inform health planning and policy.
The incidence of undiagnosed diabetes in africa is even higher at 69. To fully appreciate the current statistics on the prevalence of diabetes in south africa, one needs to look back. The global prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4. The report makes an important contribution to our understanding of diabetes and its consequences. Of concern is the higher prevalence of pre diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes that can progress to complications in the absence of interventions and the low diabetes awareness and control. Pdf prevalence of and risk factors for gestational. In both of these populations, diabetes prevalence has increased over the past two decades see screening, above. Prevalence of diabetes diagnosed and undiagnosed see. Diabetes and african americans african american adults are 60 percent more likely than nonhispanic white adults to have been diagnosed with diabetes by a physician. In ssa, the prevalence of diabetes is low in both rural and urban communities in west african countries and in. The prevalence of diabetes in subsaharan africa ssa is growing rapidly. Pooling of existing data is considered an effective strategy to generate representative and robust prevalence figures. Diabetes in african american communities advocacy fact sheet 1 centers for disease control and prevention.
677 322 1017 602 1596 657 236 1634 1368 919 639 1253 1610 1472 1499 59 831 152 592 922 485 1392 1286 302 1045 866 1463 1417 387 1052 84 960 342 1202 51 711 227 1571 1474 455 949 816 122 874 444 918 834 441 76 341